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发表于 2006-3-27 21:18:42
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男子沙滩排球与竞技排球跳跃发球的运动学分析
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http://pethesis.51.net 排球教学论文网 白马
【英文标题】Kinematic Analysis of the Jump Serve of Male Beach
Volleyball and Volleyball
【关 键 词】
排球Volleyball
沙滩排球Beach Volleyball
跳跃发球Jump Serve
运动学Kinematics
【论文类别】 本/硕 毕业论文
【所用语言】 同论文目录 (目录为中文则论文为中文,否则为英文)
【论文页数】 见论文目录
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【中文摘要】
男子沙滩排球与竞技排球跳跃发球之运动学分析
发球是排球比赛中第一回合的进攻手段,也是一项先发制人、直接得分的进攻技术。1999
年国际排球总会(FIVB)将规则修改为"得球得分制"后,球赛的胜负几乎已决定在球队发
球时能得多少分而定,所以发球的攻击性及准确性更显得重要。本研究试图以运动学原理
为基础,对影响跳跃发球动作因素量化分析,探讨沙滩排球与竞技排球跳跃发球动作上的
差异,并建立沙滩排球与竞技排球跳跃发球动作模式表,以提供教练日后训练指导之参考
。
本研究以两位具有沙滩排球与竞技排球跳跃发球能力之男子选手为对象,平均年龄21岁、
平均身高1.81m、体重71kg。采用Panasonic AG-450高速摄影机,以每秒60个field之速度
,进行沙滩排球与竞技排球跳跃发球动作之拍摄、影片分析,所得数据通过Peak
Performance System数字化,其结果如下﹕
一、助跑期:助跑距离、助跑末步距离、垫步起跳两脚间距、助跑速度、后倾角度,沙滩
排球显著小于竞技排球。因为沙地上采用小步幅移动,可以保持身体重心前后、左右、上
下的波动减小。也因步幅小,所以助跑速度比竞技排球慢,后倾角度也比竞技排球小。
二、起跳期:起跳时缓冲时间沙滩排球比竞技排球长,蹬伸水平位移沙滩排球小于竞技排
球,达显著水准。说明沙滩排球因缓冲损失了较多的水平速度及动量,所以水平位移小于
竞技排球,起跳瞬间垂直速度与合速度显著小于竞技排球。最大缓冲时沙滩排球下蹲较浅
,身体前弯较少,有利于水平速度的发挥。
三、空中期:空中击球时髋角位移与击球点高度沙滩排球小于竞技排球,达显著水准。由
于沙地起跳垂直速度小,影响击球点高度,腾起高度低于竞技排球,以致于在空中停留时
间短,无法做太大的髋关节伸展,所以沙滩排球选手常会造成起跳后判断错误,没有在最
高点击球。
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【英文摘要】
Kinematic Analysis of the Jump Serve of
Male Beach Volleyball and Volleyball
Abstract
Service is the first round attack in a volleyball game, it is also an
aggressive skill of taking immediate advantage and gaining direct points.
Since FIVB modified the rules to"Rally Point System"in 1999, the game is
almost depended on how many points the team can get when serving.
Therefore,
the aggression and precision of service appear more important than before.
This study, based on kinematics, tries to make a quantitative analysis of
the
elements that affect jump service to explore the difference in jump
service
between beach volleyball and volleyball and establish a mode of jump
service
movements for coaches' reference in future training and instruction.
This study recruited two male players with ability of jump service in
beach
volleyball and volleyball as subject. Their average age is 21 years old,
average height 1.81m, and average weight 71kg. By analyzing the film of
their
jump service movements in beach volleyball and volleyball with a Panasonic
AG-
450 high-speed video camera at the speed of 60 fields per second, the
results
digitalized by Peak Performance System are listed as follows:
1.During the approach: The distance of approach, the distance of the last
approach step, the distance between two feet at take-off, the velocity of
approach, and the angle of back lean in beach volleyball are significantly
smaller than those in volleyball. In order to diminish the back-and-forth,
left-and-right, up-and-down waving movement of the subject's center of
gravity, smaller step movements are applied on the sand. Owing to the
smaller
step span, the approach velocity is lower and the back lean angle is
smaller
when compared with those in volleyball.
2.During the take-off: It is obvious that the buffer time at the take-off
in
beach volleyball is longer and the horizontal displacement in treading and
strecting is smaller when compared with those in volleyball. This
indicates
beach volleyball loses more horizontal velocity and motive momentum of the
buffer time. Therefore, its horizontal displacement is smaller, and the
instant vertical velocity and resultant velocity at the take-off are much
lower compared with those in volleyball. At the greatest buffer, the
crouch is
shallower and the subject's bend is less, both of which are helpful to the
development of horizontal velocity.
3.In the air: It is obvious that when the subjects hit the ball in the
air,
their hip angular displacement and the altitude of the ball hitting point
in
beach volleyball is smaller than those in volleyball. The vertical
velocity at
take-off on the sand is small, affecting the altitude of the ball hitting
point. The soar altitude is lower and the stay in the air is too short to
make
enough hip joints stretch. Therefore, beach volleyball players often make
wrong judgment after take-off and fail to hit the ball at the highest
point.
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【 目 录 】
第壹章 绪论……………………………………………….1
第一节 研究背景…………………………………………1
第二节 研究动机…………………………………………6
第三节 研究目的…………………………………………9
第四节 研究范围与限制…………………………………10
第五节 解释名词…………………………………………10
第贰章 文献探讨…………………………………………16
第一节 文献体系结构………………………………………16
第二节 排球发球技术及规则的演进…………………17
第三节 有关沙滩排球文献……………………………20
第四节 有关排球发球文献……………………………22
第五节 有关排球扣球与助跑文献……………………23
第六节 跳跃发球运动学分析…………………………25
第七节 文献总结………………………………………31
第参章 研究方法与步骤……………………………………34
第一节 研究体系结构…………………………………………35
第二节 研究对象…………………………………………35
第三节 研究方法与工具…………………………………36
第四节 实验步骤…………………………………………37
第五节 实验流程…………………………………………39
第六节 数据处理…………………………………………43
第肆章 结果与分析…………………………………………45
第一节 沙滩排球跳跃发球动作运动学参数分析…46
第二节 竞技排球跳跃发球动作运动学参数分析…62
第三节 沙滩与竞技排球跳跃发球技术运动学参数71
第四节 结语…………………………………………83
第伍章 结论与建议
第一节 结论……………………………………………86
第二节 对沙滩排球跳跃发球训练之建议……………88
第三节 对未来从事相关研究之建议…………………90
文献参考………………………………………………………91
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